Development and validation of an instrument to assess the knowledge of nurses on enteral nutrition. / Construção e validação de instrumento para avaliar o conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre terapia nutricional enteral.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate an instrument to assess the knowledge of nurses on enteral nutrition. METHOD: Methodological study, with literature review, content validation and pre-test. Studies published from 2008 to 2018 on enteral nutrition were included in the review. The material was evaluated by 6 judges, following psychometric criteria. The degree of agreement was calculated. The pre-test was carried out with 30 nurses, with the objective of verifying the suitability and understanding of the instrument for its use in clinical practice. RESULTS: The instrument constructed had four domains with 10 items each. The domains Indication of enteral nutrition and Monitoring of enteral nutrition had better degrees of agreement -0.94 and 0.93, respectively. The categories that obtained values below 0.90 were reformulated or removed, resulting in 38 categories distributed in 4 domains. In the pre-test, the agreement was 0.90, and the instrument was considered easy to understand and adequate for practice. CONCLUSION: The instrument constructed was validated regarding content and application in nursing practice.

Construção e validação de instrumento para avaliar o conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre terapia nutricional enteral / Construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar los conocimientos del enfermero sobre la terapia de nutrición enteral / Development and validation of an instrument to assess the knowledge of nurses on enteral nutrition

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir e validar instrumento para avaliar o conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre terapia nutricional enteral. Método: Estudo metodológico, com revisão de literatura, validação de conteúdo e pré-teste. Para a revisão, foram incluídos trabalhos publicados de 2008 a 2018 a respeito da terapia de nutrição enteral. O material foi apreciado por 6 juízes, seguindo os critérios da psicometria. Calculou-se percentual de concordância. O pré-teste foi realizado com 30 enfermeiros, a fim de verificar a adequação e o entendimento para uso na prática clínica. Resultados: Instrumento construído continha quatro domínios, com 10 itens cada. Os domínios Indicação da terapia enteral e Monitoramento da administração da dieta enteral apresentaram melhores percentuais de concordância - 0,94 e 0,93, respectivamente. As categorias que obtiveram valores abaixo de 0,90 foram reformuladas ou retiradas, resultando em 38 categorias distribuídas em 4 domínios. No pré-teste, a concordância foi de 0,90, sendo o instrumento considerado de fácil entendimento e adequado para a prática. Conclusão: O instrumento construído foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e à aplicação na prática pelos enfermeiros.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento para evaluar el conocimiento del enfermero sobre la terapia de nutrición enteral. Método: Se trata de un estudio metodológico, de revisión literaria, validación del contenido y prueba previa. Para la revisión se incluyeron trabajos publicados desde 2008 hasta 2018 relativos a la terapia de nutrición enteral. Seis jueces analizaron el material siguiendo los criterios de la psicometría. Se calculó el índice de concordancia. La prueba previa se realizó con 30 enfermeros para comprobar la idoneidad y la comprensión para su uso en la práctica clínica. Resultados: El instrumento construido contenía cuatro dominios de 10 elementos cada uno. Los dominios "Indicación de terapia enteral" y "Monitoreo del manejo de la dieta enteral" presentaron un porcentaje de concordancia - 0,94 y 0,93, respectivamente. Las categorías que obtuvieron valores por debajo de 0,90 se reformularon o se retiraron, lo que trajo como resultado 38 categorías distribuidas en 4 dominios. En la prueba previa, la concordancia fue de 0,90, por lo que se consideró al instrumento de fácil comprensión e idóneo para la práctica. Conclusión: El instrumento ha sido validado por los enfermeros según su contenido y su aplicación en la práctica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate an instrument to assess the knowledge of nurses on enteral nutrition. Method: Methodological study, with literature review, content validation and pre-test. Studies published from 2008 to 2018 on enteral nutrition were included in the review. The material was evaluated by 6 judges, following psychometric criteria. The degree of agreement was calculated. The pre-test was carried out with 30 nurses, with the objective of verifying the suitability and understanding of the instrument for its use in clinical practice. Results: The instrument constructed had four domains with 10 items each. The domains Indication of enteral nutrition and Monitoring of enteral nutrition had better degrees of agreement −0.94 and 0.93, respectively. The categories that obtained values below 0.90 were reformulated or removed, resulting in 38 categories distributed in 4 domains. In the pre-test, the agreement was 0.90, and the instrument was considered easy to understand and adequate for practice. Conclusion: The instrument constructed was validated regarding content and application in nursing practice.

Estilo de vida dos trabalhadores da saúde atuantes no norte de Minas Gerais / Lifestyle of living health workers in the north of Minas Gerais

Objetivo: analisar o estilo de vida dos trabalhadores da saúde que prestam assistência direta a pacientes críticos/crônicos. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 235 trabalhadores da área da saúde que atuam nos serviços hospitalares referência em oncologia, nefrologia, terapia intensiva neonatal e pronto socorro do Norte de Minas Gerais. Foi utilizado instrumento autoaplicável, com questões referentes as características sociodemográficas, de formação e ocupacionais dos participantes, bem como questionário denominado Estilo de Vida Fantástico. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados por meio de software estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package Social Science), versão 20.0. Resultados: o valor médio global do estilo de vida foi de 72,38 pontos, o qual prediz em um estilo de vida "Muito bom". Quanto as categorias agrupadas 17 (7,2%) trabalhadores apresentaram estilo de vida pouco saudável, e os domínios do questionário Fantástico que alcançaram as menores médias foram o de atividade física, seguido pelo tipo de comportamento e nutrição, estes que mais requerem mudanças. Conclusão: os trabalhadores da saúde apresentaram um estilo de vida muito bom e o Técnico de Enfermagem apresentou o estilo de vida menos saudável. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the lifestyle of health workers who provide direct assistance to critical/ chronic patients. Methods: a cross - sectional study was carried out with 235 health workers who work in reference hospital services in oncology, nephrology, neonatal intensive care and first aid in the North of Minas Gerais. A self-administered instrument was used, consisting of questions related to the sociodemographic, training and occupational characteristics of the participants, as well as a questionnaire called a Fantastic Lifestyle. The data were tabulated and analyzed by statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package Social Science), version 20.0. Results: the overall average lifestyle value was 72.38 points, which predicts a "very good" lifestyle. As for the grouped categories, 17 (7.2%) workers presented an unhealthy lifestyle, and the domains of the questionnaire fantastic that reached the lowest averages were those of physical activity, followed by the type of behavior and nutrition, the ones that most require change. Conclusion: the health workers presented a very good lifestyle, in which it shows that most of the positive attitudes and values included in the questionnaire fantastic are being practiced. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar el estilo de vida de los trabajadores de la salud que prestan asistencia directa a pacientes críticos / crónicos. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con 235 trabajadores del área de la salud que actúan en los servicios hospitalarios referencia en oncología, nefrología, terapia intensiva neonatal y pronto socorro del Norte de Minas Gerais. Se utilizó un instrumento autoaplicable, con cuestiones referentes a las características sociodemográficas, de formación y ocupacionales de los participantes, así como cuestionario denominado Estilo de Vida Fantástico. Los datos fueron tabulados y analizados através de software estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package Social Science), versión 20.0. Resultados: el valor medio global del estilo de vida fue de 72,38 puntos, el cual predice en un estilo de vida "Muy bueno". En cuanto a las categorías agrupadas 17 (7,2%) trabajadores presentaron estilo de vida poco saludable, y los dominios del cuestionario Fantástico que alcanzaron las menores promedias fueron el de actividad física, seguido por el tipo de comportamiento y nutrición, los que más requieren cambios. Conclusión: los trabajadores de la salud presentaron un estilo de vida muy bueno y el Técnico de Enfermería presentó el estilo de vida menos sano. (AU)

Reflexão sobre a necessidade de educação permanente em terapia nutricional / Reflection on the need for permanent education in nutritional therapy

Objetivo: refletir sobre a terapia nutricional enteral e a importância da assistência de Enfermagem ao paciente. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, do tipo reflexivo, baseado em revisão de literatura sobre a terapia nutricional enteral, entre os anos de 1998 a 2018, além da percepção dos autores a respeito do assunto. Realizou-se a sistematização dos dados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Apresentaram-se os resultados em duas categorias: "Indicação de terapia enteral e a técnica de introdução da sonda enteral" e "Monitoramento da dieta e controle das intercorrências pela equipe de Enfermagem". Resultados: averiguouse que a terapia nutricional enteral é a forma de suporte priorizada em pacientes graves, com função digestiva aceitável, porém, incapazes de se alimentar por via oral. Constatou-se que o enfermeiro e a equipe desempenham importante papel na prevenção das complicações relacionadas a essa modalidade de dieta, com capacidade de reconhecer complicações potenciais e intervir, contribuindo para a manutenção da vida. Conclusão: deve-se conscientizar e valorizar esse cuidado enquanto assistência de Enfermagem ao paciente. Considera-se que o estudo possa enriquecer a prática dos enfermeiros que lidam com a terapia nutricional.(AU)

Antiulcerogenic activity of Carica papaya seed in rats.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the gastroprotective and healing effects of the methanolic extract of the seed of the papaya Carica papaya L. (MECP) in rats. Models of acute gastric ulcer induction by ethanol and indomethacin and of chronic ulcer by acetic acid were used. The gastric juice and mucus parameters were evaluated using the pylorus ligation model, and the involvement of sulfhydryl compounds (GSH) and nitric oxide in the gastroprotective effect was analyzed using the ethanol model. The toxicity was assessed through toxicity tests. No signs of toxicity were observed when the rats received a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of extract. The MECP in doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the gastric lesion with 56, 76, and 82 % inhibition, respectively, and a dose of 30 mg/kg lansoprazole showed 79 % inhibition in the ethanol model. MECP (125, 250, 500 mg/kg) and cimetidine (200 mg/kg) reduced the gastric lesion in the indomethacin model, with 62, 67, 81, and 85 % inhibition, respectively. The MECP (500 mg/kg) and cimetidine (200 mg/kg) treatments showed a reduction in ulcerative symptoms induced by acetic acid by 84 and 73 %, respectively. The antiulcerogenic activity seems to involve GSH because the inhibition dropped from 72 to 13 % in the presence of a GSH inhibitor. Moreover, the MECP showed systemic action, increasing the mucus production and decreasing gastric acidity. Treatments with MECP induce gastroprotection without signs of toxicity. This effect seems to involve sulfhydryl compounds, increased mucus, and reduced gastric acidity.

Antiulcer activities of the hydroethanolic extract of Sedum dendroideum Moc et Sessé ex DC. (balsam).

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The leaves of Sedum dendroideum, commonly known as balsam, have long been employed for the treatment of gastric ulcers. The aim of study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity and toxicological properties of Sedum dendroideum using induced gastric ulcer models in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hydroethanolic extract of Sedum dendroideum (ESD) was analyzed using an acute ulcer model using ethanol and indomethacin and a chronic ulcer model using acetic acid. The toxicity was evaluated with acute and subacute toxicity tests. The gastric secretion was assessed by the performance of pyloric ligation and the gastric volume, pH, and hydrogen ion concentration. The mechanism of the gastroprotective activity of ESD through the involvement of nitric oxide and sulfhydryl compounds was assessed. Moreover, a phytochemical screening and antioxidant assays were performed. RESULTS: No signs of toxicity were observed. In the ethanol-induced ulceration model, ESD doses of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg significantly reduced the gastric lesions by 66.03%, 71.11%, and 70.82%, respectively. In the indomethacin-induced ulceration model, ESD doses of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg significantly reduced the gastric lesions by 89.88%, 94.36%, and 90.64%, respectively. Treatment with ESD at 50mg/kg and cimetidine at 200mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced ulcerations and resulted in 92.99% and 77.16% cure, respectively. ESD doses of 25, 50, and 100mg/kg inhibited oxidation by 79.7%, 82.4%, and 82.3%, respectively. The antiulcer activity of ESD may involve sulfhydryl compounds, considering that this activity was inhibited in the animals treated with sulfhydryl compound blockers. Furthermore, ESD increased mucus secretion and reduced gastric acidity and volume. CONCLUSIONS: The leaf extract of Sedum dendroideum exhibited gastroprotective activity, potentially due to sulfhydryl compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore, other studies are warranted to elucidate the antiulcer properties of these compounds.